Workplace Health Promotion, Work Attitudes, and Self-Rated Health Among Business Process Outsourcing Employees in Bacolod City, Philippines

Abstract

Workplace health promotion has become increasingly important in business process outsourcing (BPO) settings, where work schedules and organizational conditions may shape employees’ work experiences and perceived health. This study examined work attitudes, self-rated health, perceived importance of workplace health initiatives, and perceived implementation of workplace health practices among BPO employees in Bacolod City, Philippines. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was used with 363 employees from a private BPO organization selected through stratified sampling according to age, sex, length of service, and work schedule. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from Dowling (2015) and contextualized for the Philippine BPO setting. The instrument was reviewed by seven experts for content validity and pilot-tested with 30 BPO employees, producing a Cronbach’s alpha of .928. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, were used to summarize the data. Employees reported generally favorable work attitudes (M = 3.64, SD = 0.65) and very good self-rated health (M = 3.59, SD = 0.87). Workplace health initiatives were rated very important (M = 4.35, SD = 0.77), while perceived implementation of workplace health practices was comparatively lower, although still rated rather much (M = 3.41, SD = 1.07). Differences in descriptive patterns were observed across work shifts and length-of-service groups. The findings highlight a distinction between employees’ recognition of the importance of workplace health initiatives and their perceptions of implementation. The study provides context-specific evidence that may inform workplace health promotion planning in Philippine BPO organizations.